Quantum technologies are rapidly moving from research laboratories to real-world applications, with growing implications for international security. As these technologies mature, they have the potential to both reinforce and disrupt nuclear disarmament and arms control regimes.
For example, the prospective development of fault-tolerant quantum computers could undermine widely used cryptographic methods, putting critical information and systems at risk, including nuclear command, control, and communications (NC3). At the same time, quantum communication technologies, most notably quantum key distribution (QKD), offer new opportunities to enhance the security and resilience of sensitive nuclear systems against quantum-enabled cyber threats. Beyond cybersecurity, emerging quantum sensing technologies may enable the detection and tracking of stealth military targets, such as nuclear-armed submarines, which can introduce new uncertainties for nuclear deterrence and strategic stability.
As part of UNIDIR’s Science and Technology Watchtower project, this multi-stakeholder dialogue aims to provide disarmament diplomats and practitioners with a foundational understanding of quantum technologies while exploring their potential implications for nuclear disarmament, risk reduction, and arms control. By bringing together experts from diverse technical and policy backgrounds, the event will examine emerging trends, assess risks and opportunities, and consider how nuclear disarmament fora have engaged with quantum-related issues, including current efforts and emerging perspectives.